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infoGeneral informationkeyboard_arrow_up
- Country common name: Qatar
- Country official name: Dawlat Qatar
- Continent: Asia
- 3-Letter abbreviation: QAT
- 2-Letter abbreviation: QA
- Capital: Doha
- Major cities: 641,000 DOHA (capital)
- Currency: Riyal (click for current conversion rates)
- Languages: Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
- Motto: "God, Nation, Emir" (Arabic: الله الوطن الأمير)
- National holiday(s): National Day, 18 December (1878), anniversary of Al Thani family accession to the throne; Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
flagGovernmentkeyboard_arrow_up- Chief of state: Amir TAMIM bin Hamad Al Thani (since 25 June 2013)
- Head of government: Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh KHALID bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani (since 28 January 2020); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Defense Affairs KHALID bin Mohamed AL Attiyah (since 14 November 2017); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs MOHAMED bin Abdulrahman Al Thani (since 14 November 2017)
- Government type: absolute monarchy
insert_photoCountry notes & photographskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"insert":"Ruled by the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Al Thani family "},{"insert":"since the mid-1800s, Qatar within the last 60 years transformed itself from a "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"poor British protectorate"},{"insert":" noted mainly for pearling into an "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"independent state"},{"insert":" with "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"significant oil and natural gas revenues"},{"insert":". Former Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, who overthrew his father in a bloodless coup in 1995, ushered in wide-sweeping political and media reforms, unprecedented economic investment, and a growing Qatari regional leadership role, in part through the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Al-Jazeera"},{"insert":" and Qatar's mediation of some regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and by 2007 had attained the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"highest per capita income in the world"},{"insert":". Qatar did not experience domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2011, due in part to its immense wealth and patronage network. In mid-2013, HAMAD peacefully abdicated, transferring power to his son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad. TAMIM is popular with the Qatari public, for his role in shepherding the country through an economic embargo by some other regional countries, for his efforts to improve the country's healthcare and education systems, and for his expansion of the country's infrastructure in anticipation of Doha's hosting of the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2022 World Cup"},{"insert":".\n\nRecently, Qatar's relationships with its neighbors have been tense, although since the fall of 2019 there have been signs of improved prospects for a thaw. Following the outbreak of regional unrest in 2011, Doha prided itself on its support for many popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria. This stance was to the detriment of Qatar's relations with Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which temporarily recalled their respective ambassadors from Doha in March 2014. TAMIM later oversaw a warming of Qatar's relations with Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in November 2014 following Kuwaiti mediation and signing of the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Riyadh Agreement"},{"insert":". This reconciliation, however, was short-lived. In June 2017, Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE (the \"Quartet\") cut diplomatic and economic ties with Qatar in response to alleged violations of the agreement, among other complaints.\n"}]}terrainGeographic informationkeyboard_arrow_up- Surface area (in km²): 11,586
- Highest point: Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m
- Neighboring countries: Saudi Arabia 87 km
- Neighboring seas and oceans: None
- Climate: arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
radioRadio stationskeyboard_arrow_upsupervised_user_circlePopulationkeyboard_arrow_up- Population: 2,444,174
- Population density (inhabitants per km²): 211.0
- Average age (in years): 33.7
- Life expectancy at birth (in years): 79.4
- Ethnicity: non-Qatari 88.4%, Qatari 11.6%
- Gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant (in US dollars): 124,100
- Cultural practices: Not all Arab men and women will shake hands with those of the opposite sex; wait to see if they extend their hands first.
local_diningPopular food & drinkskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"insert":"Qatari cuisine is made up of "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"traditional Arab cuisine"},{"insert":". "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Machbūs"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"machboos "},{"insert":"or "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"kabsa"},{"insert":", a meal consisting of "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"rice"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"meat"},{"insert":", and "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"vegetables"},{"insert":". It is considered the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"national dish"},{"insert":" in Qatar, typically made with either lamb or chicken, and is slow-cooked to give it a depth of flavor.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Saloona"},{"insert":" is a classic "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Arabic stew"},{"insert":" that's often cooked at home for "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"family dinners"},{"insert":". It's designed to be made with whatever you have on hand, but usually starts with "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"beef"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"lamb "},{"insert":"or "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"fish "},{"insert":"plus "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"seasonal vegetables"},{"insert":" flavored with "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"garlic "},{"insert":"and "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"ginger"},{"insert":". It should be eaten with a generous helping of bread to soak up the broth.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Stuffed vine leaves"},{"insert":" are common to most Middle Eastern cuisines, but the Qatari ones are especially tasty. Called"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" warak enab"},{"insert":" in Quatar, they usually contain "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"minced beef "},{"insert":"or "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"lamb "},{"insert":"and "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"rice"},{"insert":", seasoned with "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"garlic"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"pepper "},{"insert":"and "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"coriander"},{"insert":". It's best to enjoy this Qatari dish with slices of fresh lemon. Preparation is very important: ask anyone in Qatar - warak enab must be made with loving hands, not purchased.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"Usually made during Ramadan for a dessert-filled evening, these "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"sweet dumplings"},{"insert":", called "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"luqaimat"},{"insert":", are a mixture of "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"butter"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"milk"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"flour"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"sugar"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"saffron "},{"insert":"and "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"cardamom"},{"insert":". These ingredients are used to create little dumplings, which are then deep-fried and dipped in sugar "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"syrup "},{"insert":"or "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"honey "},{"insert":"to increase the sweet factor. The word “luqaimat” is translated as “bite-size” in Arabic. These are one of Qatar’s most favorite sweet treats. Soft on the inside and crunchy on the outside, this dish is sure to satisfy your sweet tooth. You should eat them fresh – so they would remain perfectly crunchy on the outside and soft on the inside.\n"}]}
local_post_officePostage stampskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"insert":"In "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1957"},{"insert":", twelve British stamps from the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Wilding series"},{"insert":" were issued, along with overprinted high value 'castles' stamps. These are considered "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Qatar's first postage stamps"},{"insert":". Later in 1957, three stamps from the British "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Scouting Jubilee"},{"insert":" series were issued and in 1960 a further series of Wilding stamps were issued with a different watermark. All were "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"overprinted"},{"insert":" "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"QATAR"},{"insert":" and the value in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Indian currency"},{"insert":". The Wildings were a series of definitive postage and revenue stamps featuring the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Dorothy Wilding"},{"insert":" photographic portrait of "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Queen Elizabeth II"},{"insert":" that were in use between 1952 and 1971. The Wildings were the first and only British stamps to feature graphite lines on the back, and the first to feature phosphor bands on the face – both aids to automation. The stamps were also the first British pictorial high value stamps and the first to include regional emblems.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"In "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2005 "},{"insert":"Qatar issued a "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"joint Sarajevo-Doha"},{"insert":" commemorative stamp with the postal service of "},{"attributes":{"bold":true,"link":"https://directoryw.com/country.php?id=269"},"insert":"Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"insert":". The two countries have developed close and friendly cultural and economic ties. Their capitals have become twin cities. The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Sarajevo Film Festival"},{"insert":" and "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Qatar’s Doha Film Institute"},{"insert":" have partnered on a range of initiatives to increase and strengthen links between "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Arab "},{"insert":"and "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"European cinema"},{"insert":". This strategic alliance includes screenings of films at their festivals from their respective territories and collaboration on fostering co-productions.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"National library"},{"insert":", established in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2012"},{"insert":" and featured on this "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2018 "},{"insert":"stamp, was formed by the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Qatar foundation for Education, Science and Community Development"},{"insert":". The plan was announced by "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Her Highness Sheikha Moza Bint Nasser"},{"insert":", the chairperson of Qatar Foundation. In 2018, the library was inaugurated by "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"His Highness Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Than"},{"insert":"i. Every detail about the country, which include its culture, heritage and history has been preserved for the citizens. Home to over "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"500,000 periodicals"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"eBooks"},{"insert":", "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"newspapers "},{"insert":"and a "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"million books,"},{"insert":" the Qatar public library"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":"is a heaven on earth for all the book lovers. People visiting the library find all kinds of important information that will help shaping the future of Qatar and its people. Teachers or researchers at the library include experts in dealing with academic programs. The library's aim is to be"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" one of the best learning and research center in the world"},{"insert":". The library was established with an idea to \"create a platform where the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"heritage and culture of the Arabian gulf"},{"insert":" is preserved along with providing a place for "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"social learning"},{"insert":"\".\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"2020 "},{"insert":"stamp commemorating the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"United Nations World Children's Day"},{"insert":". World Children’s Day was first established in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1954 "},{"insert":"as"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" Universal Children's Day"},{"insert":" and is celebrated on "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"20 November"},{"insert":" each year to promote"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" international togetherness, awareness among children worldwide, and improving children's welfare"},{"insert":". November 20th is an important date as it is the date in 1959 when the UN General Assembly adopted the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Declaration of the Rights of the Child"},{"insert":". It is also the date in 1989 when the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Since 1990, World Children's Day also marks the anniversary of the date that the UN General Assembly adopted both the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Declaration "},{"insert":"and the"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" Convention on children's rights"},{"insert":".\n"}]}
tap_and_playTelephone & Internet communicationkeyboard_arrow_up- Country international telephone code: +974
- Local emergency telephone number(s): 999
- Internet code: .qa
- Number of Internet users: 2,129,360
- Percentage of Internet-connected population: 87.1%
gradeAlso useful to knowkeyboard_arrow_up- Vaccinations: For recommendations please refer to the World Health Organization (WHO), or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) websites.
- Potable/drinkable water: Opt for bottled water.
- International driving permit: Suggested
- Road driving side: Right
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Electricity/Voltage/Plug type(s):
240 V / 50 Hz / plug type(s): G
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{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Persian Gulf"},{"insert":" (left) and the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Gulf of Oman"},{"insert":" (right) were once the site of a "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"rift"},{"insert":", an area where two plates of the earth's crust pulled apart from each other. The Indian Ocean filled in the widening gap between the two plates. Over time, the process reversed, and about 20 million years ago, the gulfs began to close up. The ongoing collision of the two continental plates resulted in Iran's mountainous terrain (top) and its periodic earthquakes. Several Gulf States are visible across the eastern Arabian Peninsula that makes up the lower part of the image. In addition to "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Saudi Arabia"},{"insert":" across the bottom, the islands of "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Bahrain "},{"insert":"in the left center lie next to the prominent peninsula that makes up "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Qatar"},{"insert":". Further to the right are various offshore islands of the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"United Arab Emirates"},{"insert":"; most of the darker area to the right makes up "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Oman"},{"insert":". Photo courtesy of NASA.\n"}]}
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{"ops":[{"insert":"The old and new zones of "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Doha"},{"insert":", the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"capital city"},{"insert":" of Qatar, are clearly visible from the"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" International Space Station"},{"insert":". The"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" old city "},{"insert":"comprises the ancient bazaar, or Souq, near the dhow harbor, which is still used today for traditional Arab sailing vessels. "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Modern port"},{"insert":" facilities have sprung up to the east of the Souq. Subsequent developments have sprouted progressively further from the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"ancient center"},{"insert":", with ring roads concentrically arranged around it. The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"diplomatic quarter"},{"insert":" is reached via the waterfront Corniche promenade, north of the old city. Further away, an extensive marina known as "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"West Bay Lagoon"},{"insert":", with boating access to the Persian Gulf, stands out (image top). Qatar's new artificial island, known as the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Pearl-Qatar"},{"insert":", is under construction with 32 km of new coastline just offshore of West Bay Lagoon. This development is intended mainly as a residential zone, with themes based on Arabic, Mediterranean, and European cultures. The Pearl-Qatar is so named because it is being built on one of Qatar's historical pearl diving sites. A string of small islands built along the outer margin is intended to recall the pearl-diving culture of the nation's past. Image courtesy of NASA.\n"}]}
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{"ops":[{"insert":"A massive "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"sandstorm"},{"insert":" over the Persian Gulf state of Qatar blows southward (to the right) toward southeastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in this image photographed from the International Space Station. Image courtesy of NASA.\n"}]}
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{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2022 FIFA World Cup "},{"insert":"(Arabic: كأس العالم لكرة القدم ٢٠٢٢, romanized: Kaʾs al-ʿālam li-kurat al-qadam 2022) is the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"22nd"},{"insert":" running of the FIFA World Cup competition, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It takes place in Qatar from "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"21 November"},{"insert":" to "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"18 December 2022"},{"insert":". This is the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"first World Cup ever to be held in the Arab world"},{"insert":", and it will be the second World Cup held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament was held in South Korea and Japan.\n"}]}
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{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Al Janoub Stadium"},{"insert":" ("},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Al Wakrah Stadium"},{"insert":") by AECOM and "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Zaha Hadid Architects"},{"insert":" was the first of the Qatar 2022 stadium's to be completed. It is located 10 miles south of Doha and is host to 40,000 seats. The design was inspired by the sails of the traditional dhow fishing boats found in the city's harbor, as a tribute to Al Wakrah's seagoing history. The stadium was also built with "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"cooling systems"},{"insert":" and a r"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"etractable roof"},{"insert":". "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid"},{"insert":" DBE RA was an Iraqi architect, artist and designer, recognized as a "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries"},{"insert":". Born in Baghdad, Iraq, Hadid studied mathematics as an undergraduate and then enrolled at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in 1972.\n"}]}
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{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Arabian oryx"},{"insert":", the national animal of Qatar. Photo credit: Charles Sharp.\n"}]}