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Canada
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infoGeneral informationkeyboard_arrow_up
- Country common name: Canada
- Country official name: Dominion of Canada
- Continent: North America & Caribbean
- 3-Letter abbreviation: CAN
- 2-Letter abbreviation: CA
- Capital: Ottawa
- Major cities: Toronto, Ontario (2,600,000); Montreal, Quebec (1,600,000); Calgary, Alberta (1,020,000); Ottawa, Ontario (capital)(813,000)
- Currency: Canadian dollar (click for current conversion rates)
- Languages: English (official) 58.7%, French (official) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, Italian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5%
- Motto: ("A Mari Usque Ad Mare", Latin ) "From Sea to Sea"
- National holiday(s): Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
flagGovernmentkeyboard_arrow_up- Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); Heir Apparent Prince WILLIAM (son of the king, born 21 June 1982); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- Government type: federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution
insert_photoCountry notes & photographskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Canada"},{"insert":" is a country occupying most of northern North America. It is the world's second-largest country by total area, and extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada shares land borders with the United States to the northwest and south.\n\nInhabited first by aboriginal peoples, Canada was founded in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1867"},{"insert":" as a union of British colonies (some of which were formerly French colonies). It gained independence from the United Kingdom in an incremental process that ended in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1982"},{"insert":". It remains a "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Commonwealth Realm"},{"insert":" with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.\n\nCanada is a federal constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy. Comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. A technologically advanced and industrialized nation, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship.\n\nCanada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; According to various sources, Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes -- that is more than all other countries combined.\n"}]}terrainGeographic informationkeyboard_arrow_up- Surface area (in km²): 9,984,670
- Highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
- Neighboring countries: US 8893 km (includes 2477 km with Alaska)
- Neighboring seas and oceans: Atlantic Ocean
- Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
radioRadio stationskeyboard_arrow_upsupervised_user_circlePopulationkeyboard_arrow_up- Population: 37,894,799
- Population density (inhabitants per km²): 3.8
- Average age (in years): 41.8
- Life expectancy at birth (in years): 83.4
- Ethnicity: Canadian 32.3%, English 18.3%, Scottish 13.9%, French 13.6%, Irish 13.4%, German 9.6%, Chinese 5.1%, Italian 4.6%, North American Indian 4.4%, East Indian 4%, other 51.6%
- Gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant (in US dollars): 48,400
- Cultural practices: Talking about politics can be more sensitive in Canada than in America. Canadians treat politics as a mostly private affair, and asking about party affiliation can be seen as presumptuous.
local_diningPopular food & drinkskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Poutine"},{"insert":"("},{"attributes":{"alt":"About this sound","height":"11","width":"11","link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qc-Poutine.ogg"},"insert":{"image":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png"}},{"attributes":{"link":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Qc-Poutine.ogg"},"insert":"listen"},{"insert":") is a dish that includes french fries and cheese curds topped with a brown gravy. It originated in the Canadian province of Quebec and emerged in the late 1950s in the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Centre-du-Qubec"},{"insert":" area. It has long been associated with Quebec cuisine. Its rise in prominence led to its popularity outside the province, especially in Ontario, the Maritimes, and in the Northeastern United States. Annual poutine celebrations occur in Montreal, Quebec City, and Drummondville, as well as Toronto, Ottawa, New Hampshire and Chicago. Today, it is often identified as a quintessential Canadian food. It has been called "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"\"Canada's national dish\""},{"insert":".\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Montreal-style bagel"},{"insert":" or "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Montreal bagel"},{"insert":" (sometimes "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"beigel"},{"insert":"; Yiddish: בײגל"},{"attributes":{"background":"#ffffff","color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"attributes":{"background":"#ffffff","color":"#000000","italic":true},"insert":"beygl"},{"insert":"; French: "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Bagel de Montral"},{"insert":"), is a distinctive variety of handmade and wood-fired baked bagel. In contrast to the New York-style bagel, or the East Coast Style Bagel which also contains sourdough, the Montreal bagel is smaller, thinner, sweeter and denser, with a larger hole, and is always baked in a wood-fired oven. It contains malt, egg, and no salt, and is boiled in honey-sweetened water before being baked. In some Montreal establishments, bagels are still produced by hand and baked in full view of the patrons. There are two predominant varieties: "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"black-seed"},{"insert":" (poppy seed), or "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"white-seed"},{"insert":" (sesame seed). Montreal-style bagels are currently the only style of bagel known to have "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"ventured into outer space"},{"insert":". In 2008, Gregory Chamitoff, who grew up in Montreal, took three bags of Montreal sesame bagels with him on his assignments to the International Space Station.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Lobster rolls"},{"insert":" are a popular seasonal meal, particularly among tourists throughout the Maritime provinces in Canada, especially "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Nova Scotia"},{"insert":", where they may also appear on hamburger buns, baguettes, or other types of bread rolls and even in pita pockets. The traditional side orders are potato chips and dill pickles. This is the genius of the lobster roll: it puts one of the most delicate, luxurious, delicious meats into a simple roll. Yes, a lobster roll is a marriage of the decadent with the practical, which is a pretty impressive feat for a sandwich. McDonald's restaurants in Canadian provinces, such as Nova Scotia and Ontario, as well as in New England, offer lobster rolls as a limited edition item in the summer. \n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Saskatoon berry "},{"insert":"is often described as having a sweet and almondy flavor, which makes it an ideal candidate for the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"perfect pie"},{"insert":". It has been said that a slice of this will change your life. It's no wonder the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"city of Saskatoon was actually named after the Saskatoon berry"},{"insert":", rather than the other way around. To be precise, Saskatoon is named after "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"mis-sask-quah-toomina"},{"insert":", the Cree Indian name for the local Saskatoon berry - a sweet, violet colored berry that grows wild -- and ends up in delicious pies.\n"}]}
local_post_officePostage stampskeyboard_arrow_up{"ops":[{"insert":"In "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1851"},{"insert":", Great Britain gave the "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Province of Canada"},{"insert":" responsibility for its own postal system. Hence, the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"first Canadian postage stamp"},{"insert":" - the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Three-Pence Beaver "},{"insert":"(3d) -- was issued on April 23, 1851, making this new responsibility official. Designed by Sir Sandford Fleming, the Threepenny Beaver depicted a beaver in an oval frame. It was the first stamp to picture an animal and not a monarch. Actually, it was the "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"first official postage stamp anywhere in the world to picture an animal"},{"insert":", though an unofficial postmaster's provisional from St. Louis, Missouri showed two bears in 1845. The 6d stamp from the same 1851 series was a portrait of Prince Albert from a drawing by William Drummond Esq. The 12d (1 shilling) was reproduced from a full-length painting of Queen Victoria done by Alfred Edward Chalon. All three stamps were produced by the firm of "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Rawdon, Wright, Hatch and Edson"},{"insert":" of New York.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"Designed by Tom Yakobina of Montral, the"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" 2001 Three Pence Beaver stamp-on-stamp "},{"insert":"presents Canada's earliest stamp in a modern setting. A complete dye proof of the original stamp, photographed with kind permission from the Ron Brigham Collection, was superimposed over a background of drop shadows and computer-rendered dot patterns. Yakobina''s use of modern and classical type faces further emphasizes the duality of past and present.\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"insert":"The "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Commemorative Envelope"},{"insert":" (MMFA) celebrates the museum's extraordinary achievements and history. Its collections and curatorial excellence are respected around the world, and the museum is visited by more than 600,000 people annually. Established in 1860, the "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Art Association of Montreal "},{"insert":"was founded by the city's art enthusiasts and collectors, and continued to expand over the years, eventually leading to the creation of a museum on Sherbrooke Street. This commemorative envelope, designed by the Museum's creative staff, features "},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"Dryden"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":" (1975)"},{"insert":" by Serge Lemoyne. Kenneth Wayne Dryden (Ken Dryden) is a Canadian politician, lawyer, businessman, author, and former "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"National Hockey League "},{"insert":"(NHL) "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"goaltender"},{"insert":".\n"}]}
{"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Cabot Trail"},{"insert":", Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia)"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":", "},{"insert":"international rate stamp, is part of Canada's "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"2020 "},{"insert":"commemorative"},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":" "},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"From Far and Wide"},{"insert":" series featuring country's "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"must-see "},{"insert":"places. This is the third issue of the popular series. Looping nearly 300 kilometers around the northern part of Cape Breton Island, the Cabot Trail offers stunning coastal views, rugged highland panoramas, and authentic Celtic and Acadian hospitality. The award-winning year-round road provides easy access to activities ranging from hiking and cycling to golfing and sea kayaking. The route measures 298 km (185 mi) in length, passing along and through the Cape Breton Highlands. The trail was named after Italian explorer "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"John Cabot"},{"insert":" (Giovanni Caboto) who reached Canada's shores in "},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"1497"},{"insert":", sailing on a mission for King Henry VII of England. The name also celebrates the meeting of Cabot and the "},{"attributes":{"italic":true},"insert":"Mi'kmaq"},{"insert":" people, the original inhabitants of Cape Breton Island, at Aspy Bay over 500 years ago. -- From the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia to the rugged coast of Nova Scotia, the scenic vistas in this set of nine stamps are sure to inspire anyone to pack a bag, grab a map and go. \n"}]}
tap_and_playTelephone & Internet communicationkeyboard_arrow_up- Country international telephone code: +1
- Local emergency telephone number(s): 911
- Internet code: .ca
- Number of Internet users: 31,770,034
- Percentage of Internet-connected population: 83.8%
gradeAlso useful to knowkeyboard_arrow_up- Vaccinations: For recommendations please refer to the World Health Organization (WHO), or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) websites.
- Potable/drinkable water: Yes
- International driving permit: Suggested
- Road driving side: Right
-
Electricity/Voltage/Plug type(s):
120 V / 60 Hz / plug type(s): A, B
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